Xijiao Dihuang Decoction () and Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. protect mice against lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced acute liver failure / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction (, XJDHD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) as well as the underlying mechanism of action, and to clarify the key herbs and components of XJDHD.@*METHODS@#LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) or TNF-α/D-GalN were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6J mice to induce ALF. Simultaneously, XJDHD or its individual herbs and components were orally administered. Survival rates, transaminase levels in serum, and hepatic histology were examined to evaluate the effects of XJDHD. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were additionally performed to expound the mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic activity of XJDHD.@*RESULTS@#Oral administration of XJDHD protected mice from lethal liver failure induced by LPS and TNF-α, with notable amelioration of liver injury in histology and a significant decrease in transaminase levels in serum. XJDHD significantly inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes and enhanced expression of the antiapoptosis genes, c-Flip, Iap1, Gadd45b and A20. In addition, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. was identified as the key herb of XJDHD and galactose as the effective component of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. that protects against ALF.@*CONCLUSIONS@#XJDHD inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by promoting the expression of nuclear factor κ B-regulated anti-apoptotic genes. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. is the effective herb of XJDHD and galactose is an active component in this protection.

Therapeutic effect of valsartan combined beraprost sodium on hypertension complicated early renal in‐jury／ / 心血管康复医学杂志

To observe and analyze therapeutic effect of valsartan combined beraprost sodium on patients with hypertension (EH) complicated early renal injury (ERI).Methods : A total of 480 EH + ERI patients treated in our hospital in near two years were randomly and equally divided into valsartan group and combined treatment group (received valsartan combined beraprost sodium) , both groups were treated for three months .Levels of blood pressure , renal function related indexes were compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results :Compared with before treatment , after three months , there were significant reductions in levels of blood pressure , serum creatinine , urine β2 microglobulin and D‐dimer , and significant rise in creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) in two groups , P＝0.001 all.Compared with valsartan group after treatment , there were significant reductions in levels of blood pressure [ (130. 92 ± 5.92)／(80.18 ± 6.69) mmHg vs.(120. 93 ± 6. 53)／(69.98 ± 6.32) mmHg] , serum creatinine [ (93.92 ± 10. 49) μmol／L vs.(83. 14 ± 11. 03) μmol／L] , urine β2 microglobulin [ (385.41 ± 35.54) μg／L vs.(362.65 ± 26.59) μg／L] and D‐dimer [ (1. 75 ± 0.44) mg／L vs.(1. 01 ± 0.11) mg／L] , and significant rise in Ccr [ (63.22 ± 7. 66) ml／min vs.(79.13 ± 8.83) ml／min] in combined treatment group , P＝0.001 all.Conclusion :Compared with valsartan monotherapy , valsartan combined beraprost sodium can more significantly reduce blood pressure and protect renal function in hypertensive patients with early renal injury .

Study on standard of safe application of thiamethoxam on GAP of Lonicera japonica / 中国中药杂志

The paper is aimed to establish a method of residue analysis for thiamethoxam and to study its degradation dynamic and final residue and its standard of safe application of thiamethoxam on Lonicera japonica. Samples extracted with methanol by ultrasonication were purified with dichloromethane by liquid-liquid extraction and SPE column and analysed by HPLC-UV. The results showed that average rate was 84.91%-94.44% and RSD 1.74%-4.96% with addition of thiamethoxam in respectively diverse concentration, which meets inspection requirement of pesticide residue. Two kinds of dosages of thiamethoxam were treated- varying from recommended dosage (90 g x hm(-2)) to high dosage (135 g x hm(-2)), Results of two years test showed that thiamethoxam was degraded more than 90% seven days after application and the half - life period of thiamethoxam was 1.54-1.66 d. The digestion rate of thiamethoxam was fast in the L. japonica. The recommended MRL of thiamethoxam in the L. japonica is 0.1 mg x kg(-1), the dosage of 25% thiamethoxam WDG from 90-135 g x hm(-2) is sprayed less than three times a year on L. japonica and 14 days is proposed for the safety interval of the last pesticide application's and harvest's date.

A case-crossover study on the association between heat waves and daily deaths caused by acute myocardial infarction / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of heat wave on daily deaths caused by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Beijing.Methods A case-crossover design was used to study the impact of 5 heat waves on the daily number of AMI deaths from Jan.1,1999 to Jun.30,2000.The effect of heat wave on death in different gender or age groups was also compared.The 7th day before and after death occurred was chosen as its own bi-directional self-control.The OR value and its corresponding risk period was used to reflect the impact of heat wave on daily number of AMI deaths,lag days and duration.Results There were five heat waves during the study period.The first heat wave sustained 9 days and the maximum temperature was 38.8 ℃ with average humidity as 46.7％.The OR value for the AMI death was 1.437 (95％CI:1.066-1.937).The second heat wave lasted 3 days,with the maximum temperature of 36.8 ℃ and average humidity of 61.0％.The OR value for the AM1 death was 1.846 (95％ CI:0.671-5.076).The third heat wave continued 7 days,with the maximum temperature of 41.5 ℃ with average humidity of 58.5％.The OR value for the daily death counts caused by AMI was 2.427 (95％ CI:1.825-3.229).The fourth lasted for 3 days,with the maximum temperature of 39.6 ℃ and average humidity as 3 1.9％.The OR value for the AMI deaths was 2.857 (95％ CI:1.088-7.506).The fifth heat wave lasted for 4 days,with the maximum temperature as 37.4 ℃,and average humidity as 42.0％ during this period.The OR value for daily death counts caused by AMI was 1.500(95％CI:0.632-3.560).The OR value of the first heat wave for daily death counts of men and women caused by AMI were 1.153 (95％CI:0.756-1.758 ) and 1.818 (95％CI:1.185-2.790) respectively.The OR value for daily death counts of under 65 age was 1.200 (95％ CI:0.669-2.153),with the OR value for the older than 64 age group was 1.534 (95％ CI:1.083-2.173).The OR value for daily death counts of older than 64 age women was 1.818 (95％CI:1.109-2.981 ).The OR values of the third heat wave for daily death counts of men and women caused by AMI were 2.392 (95％CI:1.649-3.470) and 2.514 (95％CI:1.613-3.919) respectively.The OR value for daily death counts of under 65 age group was 2.000 (95％CI:1.149-3.482 ) and the OR value for the older than 64 age group was 2.623 (95％CI:1.880-3.660).The OR value for daily death counts of older than 64 age group women was 2.800 (95％CI:1.676-4.678).Conclusion (1) Significant increase for daily death counts of AMI in Beijing was noticed during the heat wave and usually causing hysteretic effect.The lag phase was 0-2 days in general.(2)The increase of maximum temperature was greater at the beginning day when the heat wave occurred in the previous day,with shorter lag time and greater risk of AMI death.(3)The risk of AMI death in women was greater than in men during the heat wave period.(4)The risk of AMI death among those older than 64 age group was greater than the under 65 year olds.(5)The impact of heat wave to the elderly female was greater.

Discussion of Chinese syndrome typing in acute hepatic failure model / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study Chinese syndrome typing of acute hepatic failure (AHF) mice model by screening effective formulae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lipoplysaccharides (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GaIN) was intraperitoneally injected to mice to establish the AHF mice model. Yinchenhao Decoction, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, Buzhong Yiqi Decoction, and Xijiao Dihuang Decoction were administered to model mice respectively by gastrogavage. The behavior and the survival rate were monitored. The liver function and pathological changes of liver tissues were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all the tested classic recipes, the survival rate was elevated from 10% to 60% by administration of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction. Five h after modeling, the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was (183.95 +/- 52.00) U/L, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (235.70 +/- 34.03) U/L in Xijiao Di-huang Decoction Group, lower than those of the model control group, but with insignificant difference (ALT: 213.32 +/- 71.93 U/L; AST: 299.48 +/- 70.56 U/L, both P > 0.05). Xijiao Dihuang Decoction could obviously alleviate the liver injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Xijiao Dihuang Decoction was an effective formula for LPS/D-GaIN induced AHF model. According to syndrome typing through formula effect, heat toxin and blood stasis syndrome dominated in the LPS/D-GalN induced AHF mice model.</p>

Time-series analysis on the association between gaseous air pollutants and daily mortality in urban residents in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the association between sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and daily mortality in urban population from Tianjin. Methods Data on daily concentration of inhalable particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, daily mean temperature and relative humidity, daily cause-specific death counts were collected. Generalized additive models was used to explore the relationship between sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and daily mortality, after adjusting the effects of long-term and seasonal trend, weather conditions, and to analyze the potential effect of particulate matter and model parameters on relative risk estimates. Results Results showed that the daily concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were significantly associated with daily non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality but not associated with daily respiratory mortality. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in SO2 was associated with 0.56%(95%CI: 0.23%-0.89%)non-accidental morality, 0.49%(0.06%-0.93%)cardiovascular morality, respectively. An increase of 10μg/m3 in NO2 was associated with 0.94%(95% CI: 0.17%- 1.70%)non-accidental morality, 1.29%(0.29%-2.30%)cardiovascular morality, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggested that exposure to SO2 and NO2 was significantly associated with daily cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in urban population in Tianjin.

Time-series analysis of association between inhalable particulate matter and daily mortality among urban residents in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the association between particulate matter less than 10 micron in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and daily mortality among urban population in Tianjin.Methods We collected data of air quality, daily mean temperature and relative humidity, and daily cause-specific death counts, and used generalized additive models to explore the relationship between ambient particulate matter and daily mortality, after adjusting the effects of long-term and seasonal trend, weather conditions and other gaseous pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.Results An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10 was associated with 0.45% (95%CI: 0.21-0.69) non-accidental morality, 0.60% (0.29-0.91) circulatory morality and 0.82% (0.04-1.61) respiratory morality, respectively. Conclusion Our findings indicated that the extent of exposure to PM10 was significantly associated with daily mortality in urban population in Tianjin, especially with the mortality rates on circulatory and respiratory diseases.

A case-crossover study between heat waves and daily death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the impct of heat wave on the daily deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular diseases in Beijing.Methods A case-crossover design was used to study the impact of 5 heat waves on the daily number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular disease,from Jan.1,1999 to Jun.30,2000.We also investigated the relationship between the heat wave and acute myocardial infarction deaths.The 7th day before death was chose as the indicator of self-control.The OR value of different lengths of risk period was calculated.The highest OR value and its corresponding risk period was used to reflect the impact of heat wave on daily number of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths,lag days and their durations.Results There were five heat waves during the study period.The first heat wave lasted for 9 days,with the maximum temperature as 38.8 ℃ and average humidity as 46.7%.The Off value for the cardiovascular disease death,cerebrovascular disease death and acute myocardial infarction death were 1.384(95%CI:1.128-1.697),1.776(95%CI:1.456-2.167)and 1.276(95%CI:0.905-1.799)respectively.The second heat wave lasted 3 days,with the maximum temperature of 36.8 ℃ and average humidity of 61.0%.The OR value for the three causes of death were 1.385(95%CI:0.678-2.826),1.300(95% CI:0.726-2.329)and 2.000(95% CI:0.684-5.851)respectively.The third heat wave continued for 7 days,with the maximum temperature of 41.5 ℃,and average humidity of 58.5%.The OR value for the daily death counts caused by cardiovascular disease,cerebrovascular diseases and acute myocardial infarction were 2.613(95%CI:2.116-3.228),2.317(95%CI:1.875-2.863)and 3.088(95%CI:2.098-4.546)respectively.The fourth wave lasted for 3 days,with the maximum temperature as 39.6 ℃ and average humidity as 31.9%.The OR value for the deaths caused by cardiovascular disease,cerebrovascular diseases and acute myocardial infarction were 1.333(95%CI:0.724-2.457),2.429(95%CI:1.007-5.856)and 3.333(95%67:0.917-12.112)respectively.The fifth heat wave lasted for 4 days.The maximum temperature was 37.4 ℃,and the average humidity was 42.0% during the period.The OR value for daily death counts caused by cardiovascular disease,cerebrovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction were 2.333(95%CI:1.187-4.588),1.727(95%CI:0.822-3.630)and 1.800(95%CI:0.603-5.371)respectively.Conclusions(1)There were significant increases for daily death counts of both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in Beijing during the heat wave and there appeared hysteresis effect as well.The lag phase of cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease death was generally 2-4 days and acute myocardial infarction death usually was 0-2 days.(2)The rising of maximum temperature was greater at the beginning day of heat wave than the previous day,but the lag time was shorter,and the risk of death was greater,especially for the risk of deaths from cerebrovascular disease.(3)Fluctuations of daily maximum air temperature during the heat wave could increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.

Effect of heavy metals exposure on neurobehavioral function in welders / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between heavy metals exposure and neurobehavioral function impairment in welders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The metals exposure in 82 welders and 51 operators were investigated with blood Pb, Cd and Mn via AAS, and the nervous impairment was evaluated with neurobehavioral core test battery (NCTB).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pb [(115.49 +/- 79.22) microg/L] and Cd [(3.67 +/- 3.19) microg/L] in welders were significantly higher than operators [(69.32 +/- 50.79) and (0.83 +/- 0.76) microg/L respectively] (P < 0.05). Welders had worse standard scores of NCTB 13 items such as depression-dejection than non-welders (P < 0.05). Significant difference of confusion-bewilderment and forward digit span in welders only existed in different groups of Pb and Mn, respectively. A dose-effect relationship was found between forward digit span and serum Mn level in welders. General linear regression analysis indicated that Pb exposure, Mn exposure and alcohol consume had negative relation with the loss of nervous system function.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The nervous impairment in welders is attributed to occupational exposure to Pb and Mn, concomitantly.</p>

Some Teaching Experience by Using the Mode of Learning Followed by Teaching / 微生物学通报

A new teaching method was developed in the curriculum of Harmful Microorganisms Control Technology.It is characterized by students’ self-learning followed by student’s instruction.Both students and teacher have succeeded in this model after four stages of practice,in which a pleasant learning atmosphere was created in the classroom.An effective interaction between teacher and students was achieved.Students are viewed as main objects in the classroom and they are encouraged to ask questions,to formulate their own ideas,or to find things out for themselves.Thus,students’ abilities including presentation,communication,competition,and cooperation were enhanced.By adapting their role to the new teaching method,teachers have also improved their teaching skill and strategies.

Effects of Traffic Exhausts on Children's Behavioral Problems Parasat / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the health effect of traffic exhausts on children's behavioral problems by using the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist.Methods Three primary schools were chosen based on the counts of passed by automobiles and the monitoring data of ambient air pollutants.Air pollutants including NO_x,SO_2,PM 2.5 and CO were analzed around the schools.There were 1 821 students in total from Grade 2 to Grade 5 were chosen as the target population and were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire as well as Achenbach's Child List.Finally,1 363 cases were analyzed,of whom have been local resident for more than 2 years and were in condition during investigation.Results A total of 141 children,with the rate of 10.34%,were reported to be with behavioral problem.The reported rates of behavioral problem were 9.04% in School A1, 9.77% in School A2,and 11.99% in School A3 respectively,however,there was no significant difference was seen(x~2=2.556,P= 0.279).The reported rate of behavioral problem of boys' was higher than that of girls' in all schools.Analysis of 11 behavioral problem factors showed that,highest rates of factor depression,social withdrawn,hyperactivity,sexual problem,cruelty,forcing were found in School A3.Single-factor analysis showed that fever experience,eye sight condition,drinking experience of children, experience of being beaten and scold,second hand smoking,drinking habit of father,occupation of parents,education level of parents,born of full-term,medical history in neonatal period,history of unhealthy pregnancy of mother,history of touching adverse factors and drinking experience of mother during pregnancy had significant influence on the reported rate of behavioral problem. Conclusion Traditional factors are still the main influencing factors of children's behavioral problems,long term-low level exposure to traffic exhausts has weak effect on children's behavioral problems.

Effects of traffic exhausts on children' s neurobehavioral functions scored by neurobehavioral evaluation methods in Quanzhou, Fujian province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of traffic exhausts on children's neurobehavioral functions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A field study was conducted in Quanzhou, Fujian province where two primary schools were chosen based on the numbers of automobiles passing by,and the data of ambient air pollutants from the monitoring system. School B and School A located at the high traffic exhausts pollution area and the clear area, respectively. Neurobehavioral functions of pupils in grade 2 and 3 were scored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>School B had very similar score of Ruiwen Test with School A, while the score of Digit Eras Test was lower than that in School A with marginal significance. The scores of Digit Symbol,Aim Tracing, Sign Register and Cormect Number test were 38.5 +/- 9.96, 84.3 +/- 27.83, 37.4 +/- 11.62 and 17.1 +/- 5.88 in School B,respectively, which were significantly lower than those in School A (41.6 +/- 12.97, 95.5 +/- 35.80, 42.3 +/- 15.58 and 18.7 +/- 5.78) respectively. Scores in Digit Symbol,Aim Tracing,Sign Register and Cormect Number of pupils in School B were 2.9, 11.5, 5.6 and 1.6 lower than those in School A after adjusting on other confounding factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was suggested that traffic exhausts might cause damage to children's neurobehavioral functions.</p>

In vitro study on microleakage of three adhesive materials / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the influence of self-etch adhesive,total-etch adhesive and glass ionomer cement on the marginal microleakage of class II restorations. Methods Thirty human premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10),and cuboid class II cavities(4.0 mm?3.5 mm?2.5 mm) were prepared.Restoration was performed using self-etch adhesive+nano-resin(self-etch group),total-etch adhesive + nano-resin(total-etch group) or glass ionomer cement(glass ionomer group).Half of each group underwent 200 thermocyclings and the other half underwent 500 thermocyclings.The specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin for staining.Each tooth was then evaluated the microleakage at the axial wall and the gingival wall section by section under a stereomicroscope.The data were statistically analyzed. ResultsSelf-etch group had significantly more miroleakage than total-etch group and glass ionomer group after 200 and 500 thermocyclings(P

The relationship of temperature and stroke incidence in Beijing: a time-series study / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship of temperature and stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>When long time trend, season and relative humidity were under control, the relationship between temperature and incidence rate of acute stroke was explored by generalized additive models (GAMs) for the whole population and stratified by age, sex, disease history and stroke type.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cold appeared to be a risk factor to stroke incidence. The incidence of stroke was higher than the baseline data when the temperature was lower than 8.5 degrees C but the incidence increased along with the decrease of temperature. Cold was more likely to affect females as well as patients older than 65-year-old with first-ever episode. However, heat was more likely to influence females and those over 65-year-old patients having had suffered stroke before. Cold endangered both haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke while heat only affected ischaemic stroke.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The interaction between average weekly temperature and stroke was related to the types of stroke. Age, gender and history of stroke in the past had different effects on the relationship between weekly average temperature and stroke incidence.</p>

The Relationship Between Temperature and the Incidence of Acute Coronary Events in Beijing a Time Series Approach / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To observe the relationship between temperature and the incidence of acute coronary heart disease. Methods After controlling long time trend season and other confounding factors the relationship between temperature and incidence rate of acute coronary heart disease was explored by using generalized additive models GAMs and the relationship between temperature and acute coronary heart disease specified by age gender disease history was also explored. Results The incidence of acute coronary heart disease began to be higher than the baseline as weekly average temperature was lower than 6 ℃ and it increased with the weekly average temperature decreasing. The relationship between weekly average temperature and the incidence of acute coronary heart disease was found similar among different population groups but relative risk and dangerous temperature range were different. Conclusion Low temperature cold easily induces the acute coronary heart disease in males aged over 65 years or with history of acute coronary heart disease.